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Linux安装

4分钟阅读

BIOS、UEFI、MBR、GPT、GRUB 到底是什么意思？ ubuntu20.04.1

下载

阿里云镜像 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-releases/?spm=a2c6h.25603864.0.0.2b7e45f8SJ9NVf

在阿里云下载的镜像甚至不需要换源?它好像本来就是换好的

安装

diskgenius处理磁盘分区 rufus写入ISO 重启进入bios,调整启动项

根据安装指引一路点点

  • ubuntu磁盘分区: 引导:512m efi系统分区 swap:16g 根: ext4日志 home: ext4日志

注意一定要在混合模式下启动,独显模式,缺少显卡驱动,打不开,后期更换显卡驱动就行了

删除

注意要在windows中删除efi中的ubuntu启动引导

cmd

初始化

Ubuntu换源

apt为软件安装工具,所以所有的源都保存在/etc/apt/source.list中.先备份.bak,再对源内容进行修改

cd /etc/apt/

cp /etc/apt/source.list /etc/apt/source.list.bak

vi /etc/apt/source.list

阿里源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse  
  
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse  
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse  
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse  
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse  
  
## Pre-released source, not recommended.  
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse  
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

清华

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse  
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse  
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse  
## Pre-released source, not recommended. 
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

中科大

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse  
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse  
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse  
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse  
  
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse  
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse  
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse  
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse  
  
## Pre-released source, not recommended.  
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse  
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

ifconfig安装

Ubuntu安装ifconfig工具

apt-get install net-tools

硬件信息查看

软件信息查看

cat /proc/version +

网络信息查看

ip -a

ssh远程登录

refering:SSH简介及两种远程登录的方法 Secure Shell(SSH)是由 IETF(The Internet Engineering Task Force) 制定的建立在应用层基础上的安全网络协议。它是专为远程登录会话(甚至可以用Windows远程登录Linux服务器进行文件互传)和其他网络服务提供安全性的协议，可有效弥补网络中的漏洞。通过SSH，可以把所有传输的数据进行加密，也能够防止DNS欺骗和IP欺骗。还有一个额外的好处就是传输的数据是经过压缩的，所以可以加快传输的速度。目前已经成为Linux系统的标准配置。 SSH分为客户端 openssh-client 和服务器 openssh-server，可以利用以下命令确认电脑上是否安装了客户端和服务器。

dpkg -l | grep ssh

安装openssh-server

apt install openssh-server

修改配置文件

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 
#找到所在行
: /PermitRootLogin

把该行的注销取消,并把值改为yes。: wq

重启ssh。

service ssh restart

就可以在第三方客户端访问了

寻找文件位置

locate test.txt
find -name example

修改网关

cd /etc/netplan/
ls

找到example.yml文件 修改文件中的gateway

sudo netplan apply
route -n

参考

关系图谱